Energy efficient data collection with multiple mobile sink using artificial bee colony algorithm in large-scale WSN

In most wireless sensor networks (WSN), multi-hop routing algorithm is used to transmit the data collected by sensors to user. Multi-hop forwarding leads to energy hole problem and high transmission overhead in large scale WSN. In order to address these problems, this paper proposes multiple mobile sink based data collection algorithm, which introduces energy balanced clustering and Artificial Bee Colony based data collection. The cluster head election is based on the residual energy of the node. In this study, we focused on a large-scale and intensive WSN which allows a certain amount of data latency by investigating mobile Sink balance from three aspects: data collection maximization, mobile path length minimization, and network reliability optimization. Simulation results show that, in comparison with other algorithms such Random walk and Ant Colony Optimization, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce data transmission, save energy, improve network data collection efficiency and reliability, and extend the network lifetime

A retrospective study on endometrial patterns in abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: To determine the type of endometrial patterns of the different age categories of women who presented as a case of abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on 105 patients who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent fractional curettage in our hospital. The data on their age, presenting complaints, and comorbidities of all the women were collected. The patterns of endometrial changes were studied and classified.Results: The most common histopathological findings were anovulatory shedding (34.3%) and irregular shedding (18.1%). The other findings include irregular ripening, papillary endocervicitis, endocervicitis, pill endometrium, atrophic endometrium, squamous metaplasia, and endometrial hyperplasia. The most common malignant change seen was endometrioid carcinoma which was seen in women over 40 years of age.Conclusions: Histopathological examination of the endometrium shows a clear-cut differentiation between physiological and malignancy changes in the endometrium. Hence, endometrial sampling is considered the golden tool for accurate analysis of the endometrium

Diabetic nephropathy: early markers for monitoring and prevention

Background: Type 2 diabetes, with its complications is perpetually on the rise more so in India .Diabetic Nephropathy progresses silently, and manifests at a stage where, patient can be offered only renal replacement. This study was undertaken to detect early markers of Diabetic Nephropathy. Aims and objective of the study was to study early nephropathy by UACR (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio), RFT (renal function test) and e-GFR in Type 2 diabetic patients of more than 2 years duration, with and without hypertension.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional observational study, of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, of type 2 Diabetes of 2 year duration and above, of which 50 were only diabetic and 50 had diabetes and hypertension. Patients who had an established renal disease were excluded from study.Results: Our study of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, had 23 male and 77 female patients. Maximum patients were in age group 41-50 years, and 52% had diabetes of 2-4 years duration. Of the renal parameters studied, BUN was normal in 72% and S. Creatinine normal in 67%. UACR was normal in only 38%, and e-GFR was normal in 49%.Conclusions: In our study age and sex, duration of Diabetes and HbA1c did not have any bearing on renal parameters. UACR followed by e-GFR, were deranged early. UACR was more deranged in diabetics with hypertension.

Magnetic scattering and superconductivity in Nd<SUB>1&#183;86</SUB>Ce<SUB>0&#183;14</SUB>CuO<SUB>4-y</SUB>

Nd1&#183;86Ce0.14CuO4-y is superconducting below about 20 K and electrons are considered to be responsible for superconductivity in these materials as in the case of Ln2-x Cex CuO4-y and Ln2-x Thx CuO4-y. Structurally these materials are not very different from the p-type superconductors La2-x Srx CuO4-y . In both these types of superconductors, the parent compounds are antiferromagnetically-ordered insulators. The induction of holes or electrons by substitution destroys magnetic interactions and brings about superconductivity. Peng and coworkers have studied the resistivity variation of both superconducting and nonsuperconducting Nd1&#183;85Ce0&#183;15CuO4-y and have found a decrease in resistivity with temperature, obeying a ln T dependence in the superconducting samples. Such a variation was not seen by them in the nonsuperconducting samples. They ascribe the ln T variation seen in their superconducting samples to arise from magnetic scattering of electrons. To study whether such an effect exists, Nd1&#183;86Ce0&#183;14CuO4-y was subjected to various annealing conditions and the resistivity behaviour is presented here. Our results differ from those of Peng et al

ICONE17-75851 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERSE SAFETY ROD AND ITS DRIVE MECHANISM FOR PFBR

ABSTRACT Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) is U-PuO 2 fuelled sodium cooled Pool type Fast Reactor and it is currently under advanced stage of construction at Kalpakkam, India. The Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) which is the only fast reactor currently operational in India is having only one shutdown system. However the IAEA and Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) Guide Lines call for two independent fast acting diverse shutdown systems for the present generation reactors. Hence PFBR is equipped with two independent, fast acting and diverse shutdown systems. A shutdown system comprises of sensors, logic circuits, drive mechanisms and neutron absorbing rods. The two shutdown systems of PFBR are capable of bringing down the reactor to cold shutdown state independent of the other. The absorber rods of the second shutdown system of PFBR are called as Diverse Safety rods (DSR) and their drive mechanisms are called as Diverse Safety Rod Drive Mechanisms (DSRDM). DSR are normally parked above active core by DSRDM. On receiving scram signal, Electromagnet of DSRDM is de-energised and it facilitates fast shutdown of the reactor by dropping the DSR in to the active core. This paper presents chronological design and development of the prototype DSR and DSRDM starting from the design specifications. Salient design specifications for both DSRDM and DSR are listed initially. The conceptual &amp; detailed design features are explained with the help of figures. Various important design options considered in the initial design stage, choice of final design along with brief explanation for the particular choice are also given for some of the important components. Details on material of construction are given at appropriate places. Details on various analysis such as large displacement analysis for buckling, bending analysis for determining reactive forces and friction in the mechanism, thermal stress analysis of electromagnet during scram, flow induced vibration analysis of DSRDM and DSR and hydraulic analysis for estimating the pressure drop and drop time of DSR are also given. Test plans for design verification, manufacturing and shop testing experience of prototype systems, and criteria for endurance testing in sodium for qualification of DSRDM and DSR for operation in reactor are also briefed

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Samanea saman

Samanea saman is a tropically distributed medicinal plant. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of this plant was investigated by Well-diffusion method against three organisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The plant extract showed inhibitory activity against all the tested organisms. Five mg/ml inhibited the growth of E. coli but slightly higher concentration of 10 mg/mL was necessary to show inhibition against S. aureus and C. albicans. Phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoides, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The study scientifically validates the use of plant in traditional medicine

Integrated Inventory Model with Controllable Lead Time Involving Investment for Quality Improvement in Supply Chain System

The purpose of this article is to investigate a two-echelon supply chain inventory problem consisting of a single-vendor and a single-buyer with controllable lead time and investment for quality improvements. This paper presents an integrated vendor-buyer inventory model in order to minimize the sum of the ordering cost, holding cost, setup cost, investment for quality improvement and crashing cost by simultaneously optimizing the optimal order quantity, process quality, lead time and number of deliveries the vendor to the buyer in one production run with the objective of minimizing total relevant cost. Here the lead-time crashing cost has been assumed to be an exponentially function of the lead-time length. The main contribution of proposed model is an efficient iterative algorithm developed to minimize integrated total relevant cost for the single vendor and the single buyer systems with controllable lead time reduction and investment for quality improvements. Graphical representation is also presented to illustrate the proposed model. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the procedures and results of the proposed algorithm. Matlab coding is also developed to derive the optimal solution and present numerical examples to illustrate the model